Alteraciones clínicas del sistema estomatognático tras pérdida dentaria. Revisión de la literatura.

Abstract

Objective: To identify clinical alterations in the stomatognathic system following tooth loss. Methods: The article is based on a comprehensive bibliographic review, encompassing systematic reviews, theses, and clinical cases in English and Spanish from reliable databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, and Gray Literature. Keywords were employed to refine and guide the search, prioritizing the most pertinent and up-to-date information available. Results: Tooth loss is a prevalent issue, particularly among older adults, globally attributed to various factors such as caries, periodontal diseases, and substandard oral hygiene. This condition leads to notable disruptions in the stomatognathic system, adversely impacting esthetics, mastication, swallowing, phonation, changes in hard and soft tissues, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. These changes collectively compromise the patient's functionality and overall appearance, consequently leading to diminished self- esteem and a decline in psychosocial well-being due to challenges in social interactions. Conclusions: Maintaining optimal oral health is imperative, as losing one or more teeth induces significant modifications in the stomatognathic system, affecting an individual's esthetic and functional status. Nevertheless, several treatment alternatives are available to patients following a comprehensive evaluation of various factors. The most suitable option is selected to enhance the patient's quality of life.