Complicaciones de la Trombosis Venosa Esplácnica

Abstract

Introduction: Splanchnic Venous Thrombosis (STV) is an infrequent but serious condition, involving the formation of a blood clot in the splanchnic venous system, transporting blood through several digestive organs such as the spleen, liver, small intestine, and colon. In some cases, STV may be asymptomatic; which makes its complications potentially life-threatening. This literature review aims to describe the complications of STV to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Theoretical Framework: Among the main complications identified from this review are portal hypertension, caused by obstruction of portal blood flow; splenic infarction, triggered by necrosis of splenic tissue due to insufficient blood supply; mesenteric thrombosis, resulting from thrombosis of the mesenteric veins, leading to intestinal ischemia; and pulmonary thromboembolism, which occurs when a blood clot detaches and moves to the lung. Conclusions: Splanchnic venous thrombosis is a disease with the potential to trigger life-threatening complications. Therefore, it should be diagnosed in time and, in turn, provided with adequate treatment to prevent these complications. In addition, as it is a rare disease, further studies are needed to understand and improve the underlying mechanisms of STV and to develop more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.