Causas de suicidio en adolescentes de América Latina: el antes y durante la pandemia

Abstract

Introduction: Suicide is a deliberate act of taking one's own life, which begins with suicidal ideation and ends with suicide itself. General Objective: To describe the causes of suicide in Latin American adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study design is a narrative literature review, encompassing studies with infant-youth populations (10-19 years) at risk for suicide, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide. Articles from the year 2017 to the year 2022. Bibliographies in English and Spanish include all types of articles with a clear methodology and information related to the causes of suicide in Latin America. Expected: In infant-juveniles with ages between 10-19 years, where the male sex predominated in ages 15-19 years; where the percentage of suicides in 2017 was in Uruguay with 19.1%, in 2018 Uruguay with 16.6%, in 2019 Ecuador 15.5%, in 2020 Peru with 2.01%, in 2021 Peru with 2.15%. As the main causes of suicide we have the two main ones which are depression and anxiety; counting with a higher rate of depression in the year 2017 in Paraguay with 1245.49, in the year 2018 it was in Paraguay with 1234.15, in the year 2019 it was in Brazil with 1214.76, taking into account that in the year 2020 this Mexico with a percentage of 60.4% and in the year 2021 Mexico with 48.3%; the average rate was in Brazil in the year 2017,2018,2019 with 1180.61- 1181.4 -1180.5; thus observing in 2020 and 2021 the average in Ecuador was 22.22%- 50% in anxiety.