Eficacia de la semaglutida en la prevención cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with a global incidence of 10.5% that mainly affects individuals between 20 and 79 years old. This pathology significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. It is associated with factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetics. Due to the increase in its incidence, new and better strategies have been required to prevent these cardiovascular events. Semaglutide is highlighted as a significant GLP-1 exponent. Development: The literature review focused on evaluating the efficiency of semaglutide as a preventive strategy for cardiovascular risk in diabetic individuals. Current research has shown that semaglutide improves the glycemic profile and has cardiovascular benefits, reducing events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. SUSTAIN and PIONEER clinical trials have shown a 26% reduction in major cardiovascular events and a 53% reduction in cardiovascular mortality with the administration of semaglutide. In addition, there were significant improvements in the reduction of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure due to low levels of hunger and dietary control. Conclusion: Semaglutide represents a substantial efficacy at the level of glycemic control and plays a crucial role in reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetics. This highlights the relevance of considering this drug in the comprehensive therapy of patients with hyperglycemia, especially those who have a high risk of cardiovascular disease.