Ácido úrico como factor predictor de apoyo diagnóstico y complicaciones materno – neonatales en preeclampsia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a progressive and irreversible systemic vascular disease with severe maternal and neonatal repercussions. World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that it is the leading cause of neonatal maternal morbidity and mortality. Every 3 minutes, a woman dies from this pathology worldwide, resulting in 76,000 maternal deaths and 500,000 neonatal deaths annually.

OBJECTIVE: To collect updated information about uric acid as a predictor of diagnostic support and maternal-neonatal complications in preeclampsia.

METHODOLOGY: A bibliographic review was conducted, including 14 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The information search used Scopus, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, Medline, Springer, and ScienceDirect databases. The information was consolidated in evidence tables.

RESULTS: The uric acid cut-off for the diagnosis of preeclampsia ranges from 3.94 mg/dL to 5 mg/dL. Neonatal complications > 4.25 mg/dL give adverse outcomes, such as asphyxia, low birth weight, and neonatal death. In maternal complications with > 4.58 mg/dL, mothers are prone to developing HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, acute renal failure, and placental abruption. The effectiveness of uric acid as a diagnostic predictor was significant, with an area under the curve of 0.96.

CONCLUSIONS: Uric acid may be helpful as a predictive factor for diagnostic support in preeclampsia. It is accessible due to its easy handling and low cost, determining the severity and appearance of adverse results and, in turn, alerting health personnel.