Paralisis cerebral infantil en América Latina

Abstract

The research addresses the subject of infantile cerebral palsy in Latin America, considering that this neurological condition is the leading cause of disability in children. It is defined as the alteration of motor function, muscle tone, or postural control due to damage produced at the level of the components of the nervous system. Objective: To determine the situation of Infantile Cerebral Palsy in Latin America. Methodology: From a methodological point of view, a literature review was conducted using databases such as SciELO, Dialnet, Redalyc, Embase, and DOAJ. The initial search yielded 2,846 articles, and through eligibility criteria, a final selection of 50 pieces was included in the study. Results: It was possible to establish that the prevalence ranged from 0.31 to 3 per 1000 live births in the case of Bolivia and 2.1 per 1000 neonates in the Ecuadorian context. Regarding clinical manifestations, associated risk factors, and therapeutic approaches, the study aimed to establish the healthcare-related processes in which nursing professionals play a direct role. In this context, they must apply diagnostic tools, care interventions, and patient evaluations. Conclusions: Nursing interventions should focus on individualized design based on the patient's history, relationships, preferences, abilities, and affected needs. It involves implementing strategies for nutritional care, psychosocial support, family education, and physiotherapy.

Keywords: Cerebral palsy, prevalence, risk factors, health consequences, therapy, nursing care.