Calidad de vida del adulto mayor en una comunidad según Betty Neuman

Abstract

Introduction: The quality of life of older adults refers to how individuals perceive their lives, their position within cultural contexts, and their relationship with the environment. These factors depend on and are influenced by their daily activities, physical and mental health, and level of independence. The presence of pathologies, and environmental factors, whether modifiable or not, leads to complications and lower life expectancy. Methodology: A bibliographic review research was conducted in the virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca using databases such as ProQuest, SciELO, and Redalyc. Fifty studies relevant to the proposed topic were found, 10 documents for the introduction, and 41 articles that contributed to the posed questions. Results and discussion: Various physical, emotional, and social factors influence the lifestyle of older adults. In many cases, complications arise due to chronic diseases or an unfavorable environment, which is why, thanks to the use of quality-of-life measurement tools, it is possible to develop care interventions based on Betty Neuman's model that respond to the basic needs of everyone. Conclusions: The quality of life of older adults results from the interaction of various elements, which is why care should aim to prevent, maintain, or recover their health, taking into account their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Keywords: quality of life, healthy lifestyles, older adults, nursing, primary health care