Factores de riesgo de las conductas autolesivas no suicidas en adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: During adolescence, several physiological, cognitive, social, and emotional changes occur. At this stage, adolescents may be exposed to several risk factors, which may lead to the manifestation of dysfunctional behaviors such as non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors. Objective: To characterize non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and its manifestations and to identify the biological, social, and psychological risk factors for selfinjurious behavior in adolescents. Methodology: A qualitative literature analysis with a descriptive scope was conducted. Results: Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors among adolescents have become a reality that has increased interest in the scientific literature. Among the biological risk factors, some stand out, such as neurotransmitter disruption, low levels of endogenous opioids, and alterations of various hormones, and others. Social factors such as bullying, exposure to various digital platforms, gender identity difficulties, among others are highlighted. Psychological factors, including emotional dysregulation, low self-esteem, psychiatric and psychological disorders, and others play significant roles. Conclusion: Studies indicate that non-suicidal self-injurious behavior encompasses self-harming acts without the intention of death. These acts manifest in various forms and motivations, as well as associated risk factors such as biological ones, including disruptions in neurotransmitters, age, family history, dysregulation of hormonal systems, and others; social factors, including bullying, lack of social skills, comparison with peers, sexual orientation, among others; and psychological factors such as impulsivity, low self-esteem, psychiatric and psychological disorders, and others.