Intervenciones de enfermería en embarazadas con virus del papiloma humano

Abstract

HPV (Human papillomavirus) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide, generating a public health concern due to its association with cervical cancer and other types of cancer related to high-risk genotypes, such as 16 and 18. It also leads to various complications, especially during pregnancy, including the development of condyloma acuminata and others, so this infection should be given immediate attention. Objective: To conduct a literature review on nursing interventions in pregnant women with HPV. Methodology: For this research, fifty articles with up-to-date information from the last five years were used in databases such as Redalyc, SciELO, Medigraphic, and Pubmed, among others. The leading search strategies used were intervention AND HPV AND pregnant women, associated factors AND HPV AND pregnant women, and prevalence AND HPV AND pregnant women. Results: Worldwide, the WHO (World Health Organization) indicates a prevalence in women with HPV of 11.7%. However, among pregnant women, Norway has a majority of 24% with HR-HPV, while Canada has 66.4% with AR genotypes and 45% with multiple genotypes, compared to other countries such as Peru with 64% of HPV. Among the factors associated with HPV are social, psychological, and physical, leading to maternal-fetal complications, including low birth weight and intrauterine growth deficit. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus increases the risk in pregnant women, resulting in increased complications during pregnancy. Therefore, early check-ups and care are essential. Keywords: Pregnant women, Human papillomavirus, Cervical cancer, Pregnancy complications, Risk factors and nursing interventions.