Características clínicas, radiográficas e histológicas de las patologías periapicales. Una revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics of periapical pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the bibliographic search was carried out in the databases of the Catholic University of Cuenca such as: DSpace Repository, Scielo, Google Scholar, Dialnet, Redalyc, Pubmed, Wiley Online Library. Scopus, Web of science. The keywords used for the health science descriptors (Desc and MeSH) were: periapical disease, apical lesion, periapical abscess, periapical periodontitis, osteitis condensans. Subsequently, the published articles that are within the period 2016 to 2021 were selected, obtaining a total of 71 that were subsequently analyzed. RESULTS: the clinical analysis of the periapical pathologies showed that the most prevalent etiological factor is dental caries and that its symptomatology will depend on the time of progression that it refers to, being able to be in a chronic or acute state. In this way, the radiographic study shows that the most predominant finding in periapical pathologies is the periapical lesion that surrounds the root of the tooth. However, the histological findings present are also of great importance because they help us to confirm the diagnosis. Which, cells that are present in the innate immune system and with more predominance neutrophils are observed. Since there are acute, chronic or mixed inflammatory infiltrates. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics represent a key point for its diagnosis, that will help the general dentist as well as the specialist to take the correct therapeutic approaches for the patient.