Factores de riesgo asociados a la neumonía en adultos mayores

Abstract

Introduction: CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia) is a very frequent pathology with high morbidity and can even endanger the patient's life, especially in patients with risk factors. The incidence of CAP is 1% per year, with a high risk for the most vulnerable groups, young children and older adults. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with CAP in older adults. Methodology: A literature review was carried out, selecting several scientific articles that include the study of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia, and case reports. Research that provides updated information on the topic to be addressed, keywords such as respiratory infections, community-acquired pneumonia, older adults, risk factors will be used. Results and Conclusions: In the articles reviewed, it was found that community-acquired pneumonia is the most frequent type of pneumonia and affects older adults, with the most affected ages being over 80 years old. The main associated risk factors are age-related changes (immunosenescence, sarcopenia), comorbidities, frailty, malnutrition, and polypharmacy. Their combined effect characterizes these patients and increases the risk of respiratory infectious diseases, such as community-acquired pneumonia.