Principales complicaciones en el desarrollo de enfermedad hialina en prematuros

Abstract

Hyaline membrane disease, currently referred to as respiratory distress syndrome 1, is a common cause of respiratory failure in premature infants, with an approximate morbidity and mortality rate of 40%. Its primary trigger is a surfactant deficiency at the alveolar level, leading to instability, collapse, and respiratory failure. Objective: To identify the primary short and long-term complications associated with hyaline membrane disease or type 1 respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants through a systematic review. Methodology: A qualitative/interpretative systematic review was conducted with a phenomenological approach and a non-experimental descriptive/analytical design; this involved collecting various scientific articles available on digital platforms and digital libraries, written in English or Spanish, in the last five years, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Thirty-four articles were analyzed, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria, three were fee-paying, therefore preventing access, and six did not meet the established timeframe for publication. Conclusions: Short-term and long-term complications of respiratory distress syndrome contribute to the emergence of new pathologies, increasing morbidity and mortality in this age group; thus, the implementation of preventive measures, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are essential pillars to prevent their onset.