Imagen corporal y la relación de trastornos alimenticios en adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: During adolescence, eating disorders affect mental and physical well-being. Unrealistic beauty standards and social pressure influence dissatisfaction with body image. Objective: To comprehensively examine the most relevant evidence on body image perception and its relationship with eating disorders in adolescents. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, together with DeCS and MeSH terms. Studies on adolescents aged 11 to 20 years in indexed journals were prioritized, excluding theses, case studies, and papers in the publication process. Methodological quality was assessed using PRISMA 2020 and JBI. Results: Out of 2,395 identified studies, 10 were selected, showing that body dissatisfaction is a variable for the increase in eating disorders. The influence of social media and exposure to idealized beauty models increase the distortion of self-image and the reproduction of unbalanced eating behaviors. Conclusion: Low self-esteem, social media use, and body image perception influence the occurrence of eating disorders. Skills supported by self-compassion and literacy can mitigate their effects. It is advisable to implement school programs that promote a healthy body image and reduce the prevalence of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, which affects more females.