Electroestimulación neuromuscular en el postoperatorio de ligamento cruzado anterior en deportistas

Abstract

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are quite common and predominantly affect young individuals engaged in sports activities that involve jumping, twisting, and turning. Several studies have indicated that female athletes are between two and eight times more likely to experience anterior cruciate ligament injuries compared to their male counterparts, regardless of both genders participating in sports involving landings and twisting. Objective: To describe the effect of neuromuscular electrostimulation in postoperative anterior cruciate ligament injuries in athletes. Methodology: A scoping review of the literature review type was conducted, and scientific information platforms such as Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and Redalyc were consulted. Results: The results highlight the importance of customizing recovery protocols considering individual variables such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). This customization helps maximize outcomes and reduce the risks of further complications. Additionally, incorporating techniques such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) into recovery plans is a beneficial strategy for increasing muscle strength and improving the rehabilitation process. Conclusions: Using NMES after ACL surgery in athletes benefits muscle recovery, prevents atrophy, and improves joint stability. Applying electrical currents relieves pain and facilitates muscle activation, thus promoting more effective rehabilitation. Although this intervention has promising results, further research is needed to understand its impact on postoperative ACL recovery.