Proceso enfermero en el consumo problemático de alcohol y su impacto en la salud pública

Abstract

Introduction: Binge drinking, as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse (NIAA), refers to consuming large amounts of alcohol within a short period. It is characterized by consuming six or more drinks in males and five or more in females. Objective: To conduct a literature review on the nursing process in problematic alcohol consumption and its impact on public health. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out in different scientific sources, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest +Prisma, Springer, VHL, and Redalyc, related to the subject. Results: Problematic alcohol consumption is more frequent in Latin America, and according to sociodemographic characteristics, the male sex has a greater tendency to consume this substance. The risk factors that are most associated are codependence and intrafamily problems. Public health policies on preventing binge drinking depend on the alcohol-related needs of each population group, which allows the development of strategies to improve the quality of life. Nursing interventions are oriented to promotion and prevention, based on a holistic approach that addresses the physical, psychological, and social aspects of excessive alcohol consumption, allowing individuals to reduce or eliminate their intake. Conclusion: Problematic alcohol consumption represents a significant public health challenge due to its high prevalence and negative impact on individuals’ health and well-being. Keywords: Alcoholism, dependence, consumption, associated factors, classification of nursing procedures.