Estudio de la expresión genética en el cáncer de pulmón: implicaciones para la terapia personalizada

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, lung cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. Despite significant advancements in detection and management, survival rates remain low due to late diagnoses and treatment resistance. This study focuses on the genetic implications and efficacy of targeted therapies for mutations in genes such as KRAS, ALK, and EGFR.

Literature Review: Lung cancer is a pathology affecting millions worldwide, representing one of the primary neoplastic diseases strongly associated with excessive tobacco consumption, its main risk factor. Furthermore, specific co-morbidities like HIV and tuberculosis, alongside patient-specific genetic factors, are directly linked to a poor prognosis. Genetic mutations, specifically in the ALK and EGFR genes, are common and highly aggressive due to their active participation in the regulation of cell growth and survival. This genetic involvement highlights the relevance of developing targeted therapies for lung cancer patients. Therefore, each involved gene is thoroughly studied for accurate diagnosis and to establish a specific and compelling therapy for each patient.

Conclusion: Targeted therapies for ALK, KRAS, and EGFR gene mutations have demonstrated superior efficacy and a more favorable safety profile compared to conventional therapies. Brigatinib and alectinib stand out as preferred options for ALK mutations, while osimertinib and erlotinib are recommended for patients with EGFR mutations.