Nuevos esquemas en el tratamiento de mielofibrosis

Abstract

Introduction: Myelofibrosis (MF) is rare Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by fibrosis of the bone marrow, which causes ineffective erythropoiesis and atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia, which is why the patient presents symptoms such as splenomegaly, severe anemia, or thrombocytopenia. In consequence, it is important to know the new treatment schemes to know how to control these symptoms and to help improve patients’ life quality who are not suitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Literature Review: Nowadays, there are several emerging treatments for MF. Ruxolitinib and Fedratinib have been shown to have efficacy in symptom control, reduction of splenomegaly, and platelets depending on platelet values. Pacritinib is specifically useful in patients with severe thrombocytopenia, offering a manageable safety profile. Momelotinib has shown benefits in patients with anemia, reducing the need for transfusions, and other agents such as BET inhibitors. Imetelstat, Luspatercept or Navitoclax are also under investigation and are still in clinical trials. Conclusion: Although new treatments have improved the management of MF, helping with symptomatology and patients’ life quality, significant challenges remain, especially in the control of adverse effects and individual patient response, so further research is essential to better optimize and develop these new emerging drugs