Artrosis en pacientes mayores de 40 años a nivel de Latinoamérica

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the articular cartilage, generating its reduction and inflammation called synovitis. It is associated with factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities. Objective: To conduct a literature review on osteoarthritis in patients over 40 years of age in Latin America. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in scientific databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medigraphic, Redalyc, SciELO, and institutional pages of the health area, including 50 documents, of which 23 were used in the introduction, and 27 answered the research questions. Results: According to the studies in Latin America, the country with the highest prevalence was Cuba, with 50.55%. The arthritis of the knee represented 41.92% in terms of types of osteoarthritis. The female sex was the most predominant related to risk factors, with 88.50% aged 40 years and older. The common comorbidities found were Hypertension, diabetes, and others. The therapeutic approach is based on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, finally, patient education about lifestyle changes, which is essential to treating this pathology's development. Conclusion: Osteoarthritis is a public health problem in Latin America; it affects different body areas and is linked to, in some cases, modifiable risk factors. This pathology cannot be cured, but there are methods to treat it, and therapies help reduce the pain.