Alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes con esquizofrenia. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including significant cognitive impairments that affect executive functions, attention, and memory, profoundly impacting individuals' daily lives. Objective: To synthesize existing scientific evidence on cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia, identify the main cognitive impairments, and determine the efficacy of different interventions to improve cognitive functions in these patients. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus, following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 990 documents were identified, from which ten relevant studies published within the last five years were selected. Data were extracted regarding study design, sample size, cognitive evaluation methods, and main findings. Results: The analyzed studies reported p-values < 0.05, indicating high statistical significance in identifying essential cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapies and antipsychotic medications demonstrated a 30% effectiveness in improving cognitive functions. Conclusions: These results highlight the need for targeted interventions addressing cognitive deficits to enhance patients' quality of life. The review recognizes certain limitations, such as the heterogeneity of methodologies among the included studies. Keywords: schizophrenia, cognition, attention, memory, executive functions