Eficiencia del citrato de potasio versus Phyllanthus niruri en el tratamiento de la litiasis renal. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney stones, characterized by the formation of calculi, can be managed using potassium citrate, known for its urine-alkalinizing properties and its ability to prevent stone formation, and Phyllanthus niruri, a plant with demonstrated litholytic and diuretic properties. Both treatments have shown promising results. Objective: To compare the efficiency of potassium citrate versus Phyllanthus niruri in treating kidney stones through a systematic review. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 model for study screening. Bias was analyzed using the ROB 2 tool, and study quality was assessed using the NHLBI criteria. Results: A total of 53 studies were analyzed, of which 19 met the selection criteria. Both treatments proved effective in managing kidney stones, albeit through different mechanisms of action, and were more effective in younger patients. Adverse effects included nausea, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort. Rarely, potassium citrate could cause hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with renal insufficiency. Conclusion: Assessing the efficacy of both treatments for kidney stones indicates that potassium citrate and Phyllanthus niruri are effective for prevention and treatment. However, the evidence base is more robust and consistent for potassium citrate due to more well-designed clinical trials supporting its use. Phyllanthus niruri, as a natural alternative, demonstrates a favorable safety profile. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, renal lithiasis, potassium citrate, herbal medicine