Orientación diagnóstica y terapéutica de crisis convulsivas en pediatría. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Seizures in pediatric patients have become a diagnostic challenge, not a therapeutic one. The implementation of endorsed terminology and knowledge of the classification facilitates the diagnosis and, therefore, the therapeutic approach, which does not differ between crises. Action protocols are established according to the presentation stage, either active or post-crisis. Objective: To analyze scientific articles on seizures' diagnostic and therapeutic orientation in pediatrics. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted with updated information on diagnosis and treatment orientation of seizures in pediatrics, taking as reference renowned scientific databases and systematizing the information under the PRISMA 21 standard. Results: The diagnosis of epileptic seizures is only clinical, so both classification and definition must be considered. The detailed anamnesis based on direct or indirect interrogation will guide towards the triggering factor or will establish whether it is a seizure mimic, thus providing a clear picture for the request of complementary tests and therapeutic approach. Conclusion: The approach to epileptic seizures is focused on establishing an accurate diagnosis. This pediatric emergency requires updated knowledge; the early identification of an epileptic seizure will avoid different complications.