Factores que afectan la adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo

Abstract

Introduction: HBP (High Blood Pressure ) is a chronic, disabling, and important pathology in public health, it affects about 50% of adults, and its prevalence has increased in recent years. If the correct treatment is not achieved, it produces complications and chronic or disabling effects, mainly due to the lack of pharmacological adherence, which is about 50 - 70% worldwide and 60% in Latin America. General objective: To describe the factors that influence adherence to antihypertensive treatment. Methodology: A narrative literature review study was performed using search engines such as Medline Plus, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting studies published in the last 5 years, applying Boolean operators, and using mesh terms, 43 articles were obtained. Results: Of the 43 articles selected, 28 were analyzed for interpretation, and it was found that socioeconomic characteristics are related to the level of adherence, associated with schooling for knowledge of the disease and the economic position to pay for treatment. The presence or absence of a companion to monitor adherence is important. Adequate counseling and follow-up by healthcare professionals determine therapy adherence in a large percentage. Conclusions: The factors that influence adherence to antihypertensive treatment are socioeconomic, healthcare personnel, therapy, and patient, the latter being considered a determinant of pharmacological adherence. Healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in educating patients.