Efectos de la hipersensibilidad dentaria asociada con la recesión gingival

Abstract

Background: Gingival recession is the root exposure due to the apical retraction of the gingiva to the cement enamel junction; this condition affects the patient's quality of life due to its painful symptomatology and aesthetic repercussions. It risks the patient's smile, especially when it involves anterior teeth. Gingival recession and hypersensitivity are common conditions; therefore, they should be diagnosed and treated appropriately. Objective: To determine the effects of gingival recession on dental hypersensitivity. Methodology: The present literature review will be developed based on PRISMA criteria from the ScienceDirect database using health science descriptors. Conclusion and Results: Based on a compilation of several articles, this study establishes that dentinal hypersensitivity is a common cause of patient consultation, mainly due to the exposed dentin. The hydrodynamic theory suggests that thermal and physical stimuli and osmosis cause fluid movement in the dentinal tubules, causing activation of nerve endings, which causes sharp and rapid pain; the primary etiology is the retraction of the gums, which can occur by multiple non-cariogenic factors of the tooth substance such as abrasions, erosions, and defects, or periodontal attachment loss by exogenous components.