Comparación diagnóstica de proteina Tau en saliva y en líquido cefalorraquídeo para la detección de enfermedad de Alzheimer. revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia characterized by a progressive neurocognitive disorder and the presence of proteins that trigger it, such as the P-tau protein. Objective: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of P-tau protein in saliva versus Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) for detecting Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies from the last five years were selected from databases such as PubMed and Web of Science in English and Spanish, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bias was analyzed using the Robvis tool. Results: Of the 11 articles analyzed, three concluded that the use of saliva for the detection of p-tau protein might be beneficial for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; however, no correlation was found with P-tau in cerebrospinal fluid. The remaining eight articles mention that it may become beneficial in the future; nevertheless, cerebrospinal fluid remains the gold standard. Discussion: The scientific evidence states that currently, the detection of P-tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid demonstrates greater efficacy compared to the detection in saliva, which has a lower efficacy. Conclusions: The diagnosis of AD by CSF will remain useful as an early and prognostic biomarker, while saliva is ideal for long-term monitoring.