Hipotermia terapéutica como neuroprotección en neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxica-isquémica

Abstract

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has been considered one of the causes of mortality and disability rates in newborns, produced by the lack of oxygenation to the brain during birth. Several studies have been proposed to incur treatments that allow these rates to be reduced, one of them has shown improvement for neonates with severe encephalopathy, such as therapeutic hypothermia, considered neuroprotective and has shown a decrease in mortality and disability of the newborn . This therapeutic plan is recommended in neonates with severe hypoxic encephalopathy during the first 6 hours, reducing body temperature from 3 to 4 degrees Celsius, with multidisciplinary support and strict control such as vital sign care, mechanical ventilation, temperature control, and treatment. pharmacological and nutritional. The use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is recommended in conjunction with imaging studies. The therapy has shown effectiveness in neonates with moderate-severe HIE, although it may be contraindicated in developing countries due to lack of preparation, so treatments that include neuroprotective agents are being discussed to be used as a combination therapy.