Trastornos auditivos dentro del trastorno del espectro autista

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that groups a series of verbal and cognitive dysfunctions, motor and mainly communication disorders; it presents early, it is commonly diagnosed around 5 years of age or even in adulthood when it is a mild disorder, it affects more commonly males than females in a 4:1 ratio in about 2% of the population. It presents very classic clinical manifestations such as fluttering or repetitive behaviors, but what is most striking is that it often presents with auditory alterations; the most common are hypoacusis, which occurs in fewer cases but has the greatest effect on the patient's development and, on the other hand, hyperacusis, which occurs more commonly and is found within a syndrome called decreased tolerance to noise, which is characterized by the union of hyperacusis, misophonia and phonophobia. Although the cause of these alterations is not known, it is presumed that it may be due to an increased neural activity, the presence of an imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory radius of neurotransmission or even a malfunction of the brain stem.