Evaluación de la eficacia del tratamiento con yodo radiactivo en el cáncer de tiroides papilar.

Abstract

Background: Papillary carcinoma is a heterogeneous neoplasm in thyroid follicular cells. According to the Global Cancer Observatory, 821,214 new cases were diagnosed worldwide, and 47,507 cases of mortality with female predominance. Multifactorial etiology includes hormonal factors (estrogens), environmental factors due to exposure to ionizing radiation, and genetic factors associated with different genetic mutations: in papillary carcinoma: BRAF V600E and RAS; in medullary carcinoma: RET; in follicular carcinoma: RAS and NRAS; and in anaplastic carcinoma: TERT. Treatment for this pathology is considered partial thyroidectomy or lobectomy, total + radical thyroidectomy, or therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lenvantinib, Cabozantinib). Chemotherapy and radioactive iodine therapy are not considered treatments. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of radioactive iodine therapy on recurrence in post-surgery papillary thyroid cancer. Methodology: A descriptive literature review is conducted; the methodology employed will be the PRISMA 2020 method, which covers training in the last five years. It will rely on search engines and scientific databases: PubMed (using MeSH), SciELO, Web of Science, Elsevier, Redalyc, and Taylor & Francis, using specific words in English and Spanish. Results: Through the research, a general analysis is estimated to assess the effectiveness of focusing on the treatment with radioactive iodine, improving patients' quality of life.

Keywords: effectiveness, iodine isotopes, thyroid neoplasia, treatment.