Evaluación de la susceptibilidad antifúngica y el efecto inhibitorio del extracto de propóleo frente a Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract

Introduction: Propolis, known for its antifungal properties, has demonstrated efficacy against Aspergillus fumigatus, arousing the interest of modern medicine. Studies conducted in Peru and Ecuador highlight its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. This study, conducted in Cuenca, aims to provide information on its effectiveness against A. fumigatus, contributing to scientific knowledge and potential local applications, positioning it as a promising resource in the medical and agro-industrial fields. Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of propolis extract against A. fumigatus and determine its antifungal sensitivity to develop new pharmaceutical alternatives. Methodology: This study was conducted using a quantitative research approach with an experimental design. In vitro cultures were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of propolis on Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 20430 under controlled conditions. Observations were recorded at 24, 48, and 144 hours, testing various concentrations and solvents, and comparing results with conventional treatments and negative controls. The experimental design ensured uniformity and replicability. Results: The test revealed that propolis dissolved in glycerin significantly inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus. At concentrations of 30%, it achieved total inhibition within 24 hours and maintained a reduction of over 70% up to 144 hours. In comparison, alcohol and acetone showed lower persistence, while itraconazole and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) showed more limited effects. Conclusion: Propolis extract demonstrated an inhibitory effect against Aspergillus fumigatus, highlighting its potential as an antifungal alternative. These findings support its potential use in the development of new pharmaceutical options.