Incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en mujeres postparto. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Urinary incontinence, characterized by the involuntary loss of urine, may result from anatomical or physiological changes associated with pregnancy, postpartum, and obesity, among other factors. Diagnosis is established through a combination of medical history and complementary laboratory and imaging tests. Management will be individualized and may involve non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical treatments depending on the severity. Objective: To develop an up-to-date document on stress urinary incontinence in postpartum women, aimed at training healthcare professionals through scientific knowledge to improve patient care and quality of life. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted by collecting scientific data from sources such as “Web of Science,” “Redalyc,” “Scopus,” “ProQuest,” "ResearchGate," “ScienceDirect,” "PubMed," “SpringerOpen,” and “Google Scholar,” based on publications in the last five years and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: This study collected information from 59 articles, of which 30 were selected for the development of this review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: Among the main factors that cause damage to the pelvic floor are pregnancy, multiparity, and vaginal delivery. Therefore, diagnosis is based on the Valsalva maneuver, urodynamic tests, and Kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles, helping to reduce symptoms with the combination of drugs such as duloxetine and surgical techniques. Keywords: urinary incontinence, postpartum period, risk factors, pelvic floor disorders