Beneficios del transplante de microbiota vaginal en el manejo del virus del papiloma humano: una Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Title: Benefits of Vaginal Microbiota Transplantation (VMT) in the Management of Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A Systematic Review Objective: To analyze the benefits of vaginal microbiota transplantation in preventing recurrent Human Papillomavirus infection. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement, including studies on humans >18 years of age, published between November 1, 2024, and April 30, 2025, in Spanish or English, with open-access. The review included clinical trials, observational studies, or case series. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Finally, only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, and their search was conducted in PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, and Springer Nature, using DeCS/MeSH terms. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB-2 and JBI tools. Results: VMT, predominantly with Lactobacillus crispatus, reduced HPV viral load, increased the viral clearance rate, and improved cervical cytology; eight studies reported sustained restoration of the microbiota at 6–12 months, and five showed decreased recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Discussion: Limitations included small sample sizes and the heterogeneity of interventions. Nevertheless, the findings support VMT as a preventive strategy against HPV. Conclusion: VMT proved to be an effective and safe intervention in reducing HPV viral load. Larger and longer studies are required to validate its clinical and preventive application.