Actualización en el manejo de displasia de alto grado en esófago de Barrett

Abstract

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is distinguished by the transformation of the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus into columnar metaplasia, a condition affecting approximately 1% of the global population. It is estimated that between 3% and 5% of individuals with Barrett's esophagus will receive a diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma at some point in their lives.

To describe the management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. A meticulous narrative literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 32 articles published from 2019 to 2024 were analyzed. The collected information was organized into tables, and an ethical approach was maintained since direct patient participation was not required. The search methodology included the use of MeSH, DeCS, and EMTREE terms, combined with Boolean operators. The comprehensive literature review revealed that advanced strategies in the management of Barrett's esophagus, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), are effective in preventing the development of cancer, emphasizing the relevance of early diagnosis and treatment in these patients.

The effective management of Barrett's esophagus using techniques like RFA and EMR minimizes the progression to cancer, optimizing the quality of life through less invasive and highly targeted interventions.