Efectividad del crosslinking corneal en el manejo de la progresión del queratocono. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Keratoconus is a corneal ectasia characterized by thinning and conical deformation, which leads to reduced visual acuity. Corneal cross-linking , a technique that strengthens and stabilizes the cornea by creating cross-links between collagen fibers, is employed to halt its progression. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of corneal cross-linking compared to conventional treatments in managing the progression of keratoconus in diagnosed patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the topic "Effectiveness of Corneal Cross-Linking in Managing the Progression of Keratoconus. A Systematic Review" within the field of ophthalmology. Information was sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, and SciELO databases in English and Spanish, published in the last five years. Observational studies and clinical trials were included, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. Results: A total of 289 records were included, and 2,915 participants were evaluated after screening. Most studies demonstrated that corneal cross-linking is effective in halting the progression of keratoconus, especially in its early stages, compared to conventional treatments. Additionally, a 20% improvement in visual acuity was observed. Predictive factors for success, such as age, disease severity, and associated conditions, were identified. Corneal cross-linking is a beneficial treatment option, as it halts disease progression and improves visual acuity. Keywords: Keratoconus, corneal cross-linking, management, visual acuity