Cálculo renal coraliforme completo de la cirugía abierta, a la percutánea de mínima invasión. Serie de casos en el hospital José Carrasco Arteaga en el periodo febrero 2022 a junio 2023

Abstract

Introduction: staghorn stones, a urological challenge, used to require open surgery, but minimally invasive percutaneous techniques have improved its treatment. Objective: to present a case series of staghorn stones and the evolution of surgical treatment from open to minimally invasive percutaneous. Methodology: a series of 16 cases from José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period February 2022 to June 2023 were analyzed; the bibliography was collected from different databases such as Medline, Lilacs, TripDataBase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, through identification-screening-eligibility-selection. Clinical Cases: the average age of the patients is 53.1 years, with a male predominance. Personal history highlighted hypertension and diabetes. Lumbar or abdominal pain was common (93.75%), with a high positivity in the lumbar percussion test (81.25%). Preoperative creatinine was above normal but decreased postoperatively. Most cases were unilateral (93.75%), with stone sizes ranging from 1.4 cm to 12 cm. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was the most common treatment option (93.75%). Conclusion: an initiative-taking approach in the detection and treatment of staghorn stones is crucial to prevent severe complications. Although open surgery is rare, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is preferred due to its lower invasiveness and similar success rates. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent renal damage and urosepsis, with metabolic risk factors and staghorn lithiasis emphasizing the need for specialized care.