Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con amputación por diabétes

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by high blood glucose levels, with complications related to damage to vessels and nerves affecting the lower limbs, which can lead to amputation. Objective: To determine nursing care in patients with amputation due to diabetes. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted through a search of articles in scientific databases. Key words were used according to the descriptions of Health Sciences (DeCS) such as: amputation, nursing care, diabetes and diabetic foot. Results: The results showed a prevalence of diabetes of 9.3% globally, with Latin America with a percentage of 8% to 13%. As for diabetic foot syndrome, there was evidence of 70% of amputations worldwide. Neuropathies, diabetic foot ulcers, and vasculopathies are described among the most common factors, which generate postoperative complications such as post-traumatic stress, phantom limb pain, soft tissue ulceration, re-ulceration and re-amputation, producing psychosocial and psycho-affective alterations. The therapeutic approach focuses on healing, rehabilitation and multidisciplinary accompaniment, which contributes to the early recovery of patients, in addition to education that promotes self-care and the support of their relatives or caregivers. Conclusions: Diabetes requires care focused on patient and family education to prevent diabetic foot amputation and to be able to implement a care plan before, during and after surgery.

Keywords: Amputation, nursing care, diabetes, diabetic foot.