Relación entre la anemia ferropénica en embarazadas y el bajo peso en neonatos

Abstract

Abstract Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women and low birth weight in newborns has increased over the last decade, becoming one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. The reduction of red blood cells during pregnancy produces an imbalance in the oxygenation and transportation of blood to the fetus, generating innumerable physiological changes due to improper intake of iron and other essential vitamins during pregnancy. According to the WHO, for a pregnant woman to be considered anemic, her hemoglobin levels should be below 11g/dl; this condition is a predisposing factor for preterm births and low birth weight in newborns. Objective: To elaborate a literature review on the relationship between iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women and its influence on low birth weight in newborns. Methodology: A bibliographic, descriptive, explanatory, comparative review was conducted relating iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women to low weight in neonates. Results: Forty-six articles were reviewed; 37 were included in the study, eight were excluded because of the year of publication, and one due to incomplete information. Conclusions: It was concluded that women with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to low birth weight babies. Therefore, early identification of anemia in the course of pregnancy and correct treatment may decrease the incidence rate of low birth weight in newborns.