Factores de riesgo, diagnóstico y tratamiento asociados a la infección por Dengue. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Dengue has experienced an increase in global mortality in recent years. The interactions of risk factors contribute to the development of complications. Different guidelines have been established for a correct diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To determine the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment associated with Dengue infection through a systematic review. Method: A descriptive systematic review was conducted under the PRISMA 2020 standard. Various databases, including PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Redalyc, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Pan American Health Organization, and World Health Organization, were utilized to search for relevant literature from 2019 to 2023 in English and Spanish. Results: Fifty data sources were obtained, and 27 articles were selected based on predetermined criteria. Among the factors contributing to the spread of Dengue, the study observed the influence of rainy periods and poor sanitation in the affected areas. Women are more affected by the disease. Senior years, comorbidities in the host, or experiencing a second Dengue infection were associated with increased mortality rates. Clinical suspicion combined with laboratory testing enhances the effectiveness of diagnosis. Treatment involves managing symptoms with hydration therapy. Conclusion: Environmental and sociodemographic factors are related to Dengue mortality and its spread. Clinical diagnosis is supported by laboratory testing for confirmation of the infection. Treatment includes administering paracetamol, oral hydration, and, in severe cases, resuscitation with crystalloids/colloids. The most accepted vaccines are Dengvaxia and TAK-003.