Manejo de lesiones multiligamentosas de rodilla por eventos traumáticos

Abstract

Knee injuries are disruptions in the functionality and stability of the knee, often involving ligament damage, such as dislocations, resulting from direct trauma to the joint. These types of injuries are commonly observed in athletes due to the high-impact nature of their activities; however, they are also frequently seen in non-athletes, often due to sudden deceleration events that cause damage and injury to the ligaments. Understanding all the mechanical manifestations of these injuries is crucial, as they can range from dislocations to complete ligament tears, with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) being the most commonly affected. Objective: To study the surgical management of multi-ligament knee injuries due to traumatic events. Methodology: This systematic review uses a descriptive qualitative approach, in which Open Access files published in digital databases such as PubMed, SciELO, ProQuest, Taylor, and Francis from 2017 to 2022 were taken into account; in addition, the scientific articles were published in Spanish and English. Results: A total of 24 articles were included, which met the respective inclusion and exclusion criteria for the subsequent analysis of managing multi-ligamentous knee injuries. Discussion: It was observed that the ACL is the most affected, in addition to the fact that an adequate surgical technique such as arthroscopy has good benefits when properly treated. Keywords: allograft, arthroscopy, anterior cruciate ligament (LCA), medial collateral ligament, (LCM), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), posterior cruciate ligament., (LCP)