Eficacia de la tercer ventriculostomía endoscópica en pacientes con hidrocefalia no comunicante. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Non-communicating hydrocephalus is a condition caused by an obstruction in the cerebrospinal fluid circulation system. Due to the nature of this disease, treatment involves surgical intervention. Historically, shunt systems have been the standard treatment; however, endoscopic techniques, such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), are gaining prominence due to their minimally invasive nature and reduced risk of long-term complications. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with non-communicating hydrocephalus. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in English and Spanish on Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. Reviews were performed following the PRISMA flow diagram. Results: This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of ETV for non-communicating hydrocephalus. The data indicate that ETV has an overall efficacy rate of 82.14% and a complication rate of 12.91%. These findings suggest that, while not free of risks, ETV is a viable and effective alternative for managing non-communicating hydrocephalus. Predictive tools such as measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter, detecting the "buckling sign," and assessing the thickness of retinal nerve fibers contribute to predicting surgical success. Conclusions: ETV is a safe and effective option for treating non-communicating hydrocephalus. Improved patient selection and future comparative studies are needed to optimize its use and long-term outcomes in clinical practice. Keywords: efficacy, obstructive hydrocephalus, ventriculostomy, third ventricle, cerebrospinal fluid