Miopía, afección en adolescentes y jóvenes. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Myopia is recognized as a global public health problem that affects the population and continues to increase. Furthermore, myopia should not be considered a benign peculiarity, but rather a visual impairment that threatens the world, ranking fifth among clinical care priorities according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Objective: To address myopia in teenagers and young people, as well as the main factors associated with this condition. Methods: It was a mixed-method descriptive research. The study was conducted in scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to retrieve publications from 2019 to 2023. Results: The main risks associated with myopia are genetic inheritance, female gender, excessive screen time, close work, living in urban areas, and academic demands, while time spent outdoors is recognized as a protective factor against myopia. Conclusions: The fact that parents are nearsighted increases the risk of myopia progression. Additionally, being female is also a factor, since girls spend more time studying or reading, which reduces the time they have for outdoor activities, a factor that improves eye health. Furthermore, spending long periods of time exposed to screens is associated with a higher level of myopia. Keywords: myopia, risk factors, young people, teenagers