Actualización en el tratamiento de la enfermedad Inflamatoria intestinal. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be defined as a chronic inflammatory pathology of the digestive tract, which, depending on the affected digestive portion, can be subclassified into Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and microscopic colitis, being more frequent between 15-40 years of age, with a second peak of incidence among older adults. Objective: To identify the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments currently used to treat IBD. Methodology: This descriptive research article is included in a systematic review according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: UC predominates over Crohn's disease. Regarding treatment, biological therapy corresponds to the first therapeutic choice with 32.2%, followed by immunomodulators (27.8%), then corticosteroids (20%), and finally, the use of 5 ASA (11.3%). Implementing fatty acids such as omega three and omega six in the diet has been shown to reduce the inflammation of the intestinal mucosa significantly and, in turn, restore the intestinal microbiota, helping in the process of remission of the disease. Conclusions: Multiple studies are currently being deployed on many molecules, some of which will extend the treatment options for IBD patients in the future.