Factores de riesgo modificables que predisponen al desarrollo del Alzheimer. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in adults aged 60 and older; aging is its primary risk factor. It manifests primarily as memory loss, a decline in the person’s ability to perform daily tasks, impaired judgment, personality changes, and difficulty learning. It affects at least 27 million people and accounts for 60 to 70% of all cases of dementia. Objective: To describe the modifiable risk factors that predispose individuals to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: This study is based on a qualitative literature review, involving a systematic search for information in online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and ScienceDirect covering publications from the past five years; these sources were organized using the Zotero reference management tool. Results: The findings indicated that the modifiable risk factor most strongly associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease is vascular risk, accounting for 14%, followed by educational level, which represents 13%. These results consider the patient’s comorbidities, as well as stress, which account for 11% and 6%, respectively. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, risk factors, modifiable factors, Alzheimer's risk factors