Uso de los bióticos como profilaxis para la enterocolitis necrotizante en neonatos pretérmino

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature neonates is a disease that involves inflammation of the intestinal tissue, which leads to perforation of the intestinal wall or necrosis in the mucosa of the digestive tract. This pathological condition prevents the premature infant's body from retaining waste material, so bacteria and other pathogens can enter the bloodstream and cause life-threatening infections. Objective: to systematize the available scientific evidence on the use of biotics as prophylaxis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Methodology: This study is a bibliographic review approached under a descriptive - explanatory design and with a qualitative approach, considering the following sources of information: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane, Redalyc, SciELO and Proquest. Results: One of the strategies to consider to prevent the appearance of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates is to achieve a functional balance of the microbiotics or intestinal flora. This situation is possible thanks to the administration of probiotics, which are responsible for producing a beneficial effect on the host, and prebiotics, which have the ability to induce the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Conclusions: Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the probiotics with the greatest benefit and encouraging results in the prevention and control of severe necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates; while galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and oligosaccharides are the prebiotics found naturally in breast milk and contribute to this end.