Intervenciones psicoterapéuticas en pacientes diagnosticados con VIH

Abstract

Introduction: It is essential to consider the need to find psychotherapeutic models applicable to patients with HIV who present depressive or anxious symptomatology. This population requires effective treatments that demonstrate favorable results; for this reason, a systematic review was conducted to analyze the available literature on this topic. Psychotherapeutic models frequently applied to patients diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presented anxious or depressive symptoms were identified. Method: Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) were analyzed using the PRISMA method. Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were reviewed, studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and the CONSORT tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each article. Results: Out of the 13 systematically reviewed articles, 69.23% of the research agrees that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the most commonly applied to patients diagnosed with HIV. These interventions result in a significant reduction in depressive or anxious symptoms and the development of skills to improve quality of life, a positive attitude, and acceptance of their diagnosis. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who present anxiety or depressive symptoms compared to others that are applied less frequently.