Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados de la osteoporosis en pacientes adultos mayores

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a degenerative health condition responsible for decrease in density and loss of bone tissue. The main cause of this particular ailment is due to excessive losses of protein and mineral content, specifically calcium. With the reduction in bone mass and density, there is a significant decrease in the strength of the human skeleton. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of osteoporosis in elder patients. Methodology: The searches were carried out in several scientific platforms such as PubMed, Scielo, Medscape, Skyscape Medical Library, etc. We made exclusive use of articles from journals ranked between quartiles 1 to 4 of the Scimago platform. Both in English and Spanish. Results: Prevalence data revealed similarity between the results. The peaks and troughs behaved in accordance with the published literature, with little difference between prevalence percentages. The associated risk factors may differ according to the analyzed ethnic groups, regions and gender. However, trends were found among the results. In the literature, a tendency towards female gender, older age, smoking, mineral deficit, among other factors, was found. Conclusions: Prevalence percentages around 15%, discimilar factors from gender to a lack of minerals in food intake and a strong link between female and older age, with p values of less than 0.05 for the association between factors and prevalence.