Resonancia magnética funcional en agresores sexuales varones adultos.

Abstract

Introduction: Sexual aggression is a complex manifestation resulting from multiple factors, including neurobiological alterations that affect emotional regulation and impulse control. Objective: To analyze the structural brain changes in adult male sexual aggressors using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), identifying alterations in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, and their relationship with sexually aggressive behaviors. Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted. Search strategies were used in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar. Selection criteria included studies in English and Spanish, published between 2018–2024, focused on adult male sexual aggressors, and with fMRI analysis of brain structures. Results: Deficits in inhibitory control, decision-making, and empathy were related to notable volume decreases in the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and ventromedial regions of the prefrontal cortex. The amygdala presented atrophy in the basolateral complex and hypertrophy in the centromedial group, which was related to increased emotional reactivity and problems interpreting social cues. Furthermore, dysfunction was evidenced in the connection between the amygdala and the prefrontal lobe, which promotes aggressive and impulsive behavior. Conclusion: The fMRI findings provide a better understanding of the neurological associations underlying violent sexual behavior. To improve the incorporation of this knowledge into forensic evaluation and treatment, it is recommended to promote standardized methodologies and longitudinal research.