Intervenciones de enfermeria en EPOC en adultos mayores

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a pathology that involves several chronic lung ailments, limiting the breathing process; thus, nursing focuses on preventing the disease and providing personalized care by applying the nursing process. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in scientific databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer, Medigraphic, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Seventy articles were selected to address the questions posed after forming search equations with keywords and Boolean operators. Results: Significant differences were found in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease between regions and countries due to geographic and diagnostic factors. The main risks include advanced age, male sex, smoking, exposure to pollutants, and genetic factors. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with comorbidities and frequent exacerbations related to cardiac disorders, lung cancer, and depression. A variety of therapeutic interventions are used, from bronchodilators to innovative treatments. Nurses play an essential role in the care and rehabilitation of patients through a personalized care plan. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the global variability of this condition and the importance of considering local factors in prevention and treatment strategies. The vital contribution of nursing professionals underscores the necessity to evaluate and recognize their role in comprehensive patient care. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, nursing care, older adults, standardized nursing terminology.