Etiología, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la resistencia a la insulina. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance is a condition that causes an increase in blood glucose levels. Insulin was discovered in 1920 and is responsible for regulating serum glucose levels. Objective: To describe insulin resistance and explore its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment through a systematic review of scientific studies published in the last five years. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, and inductive research approach was conducted, complying with the characteristics of clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, longitudinal, and intervention studies in Spanish and English. Data were sourced from digital databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO. Study selection, main findings extraction, and bias assessment were performed based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Twenty-five studies were included that met the criteria for analyzing the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of insulin resistance. Conclusions: Unhealthy habits and lifestyles represent 56% of the etiology; the most used diagnostic method is fasting glucose, with 32% due to its easy accessibility. Non-pharmacological measures are promoted for treatment in 68% of cases, indicating a high degree of alignment with current practices. Keywords: insulin resistance, etiology, diagnosis and treatment