Las mutaciones en los genes de sarcoma asociado a ratas (RAS) y su relación en el pronóstico en el cáncer colorrectal

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a pathology that affects the population worldwide, both men and women, and its significance is highlighted as the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Among the strategies to overcome this increasing problem, science has developed specific biomarkers of great utility, one of which is the "Rat Sarcoma" (RAS) gene. Multiple mutations in this proto-oncogene have been observed in 40% of colorectal cancer cases, offering a potential strategy for states in their fight against cancer. Objective: To establish the relationship between RAS gene mutation and its influence on the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted with articles on the oncological and genetic specializations, considering systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses. Results: Mutations in the RAS gene, specifically in KRAS, were present in most patients, along with its use as a biomarker for patients with colorectal cancer. Different pathogenic pathways were identified, with the WNT pathway being prominent. Additionally, indirect means of targeting such mutations were explored. Conclusions: The presence of mutations in the RAS gene is directly related to an unfavorable prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer.