Riesgos y complicaciones maternas asociados al embarazo en la adolescencia

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescent pregnancy as gestation in women aged from 10 to 19. Annually, approximately sixteen million deliveries take place in adolescent women worldwide, constituting a significant social, economic, and with greater emphasis at the health systems level. Objective: To provide a scientific update on the risks and complications of adolescent pregnancy. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted, and studies were obtained from Elsevier (Scopus), PubMed, Cochrane, Redalyc, EBSCO, SciELO, and Medline databases; studies from 2018 to the current date were incorporated. Results: Twenty-one studies were comprised, encompassing cross-sectional, meta-analyses, case-control, descriptive, systematic review, and prospective cohort studies. The following risk factors were observed in the studies: education level 23.8%, age 42.8%, occupation 14%, parity 14%, history of violence 9.5%, place of residence 19%, marital status 14%, habits 4.7%, and socioeconomic status 9.5%. Significant complications included hypertensive disorders 38%, preterm delivery 14%, premature rupture of membranes 9.5%, perineal tears 14%, postpartum hemorrhage 4.7%, urinary tract infection 4.7%, and anemia 4.7%. Conclusions: Highlighted risk factors are related to lifestyle and quality of life, and most complications, such as hypertensive disorders, occur in women under the age of 19.