Manifestaciones hematológicas crónicas por exposición a benceno en despachadores de combustible

Abstract

Introduction: benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon considered carcinogenic due to its high toxicity, although in recent years its exposure has decreased, however, it has not been sufficient to prevent complications. Chronic exposure in concentrations greater than or equal to 1 ppm for a period of more than 8 hours a day for 10 constant years or when exposure exceeds 10 ppm for 1 year, there is a risk of developing hematological disorders. Objective: identify chronic hematological manifestations due to exposure to benzene in fuel dispatchers. Methods: a narrative review was carried out, compiling information from January 2000 to November 2022 in scientific databases such as Pubmed, Environmental Pollution, Dialnet, SAGE, Taylor and Francis, Springerlink, Science Direct, Scielo; using key words. Results: hematological manifestations that develop after chronic exposure to benzene at any concentration include lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia and aplastic anemia. Conclusions: there are various manifestations of chronic exposure to benzene, including chronic lymphatic leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, acute or chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma; therefore, annual medical check-ups and the application of strategies to reduce the time of occupational exposure are recommended in order to diagnose and prevent hematological diseases, since there are currently no prevention regulations to guarantee the wellbeing of dispatchers.